Interpretation of magnetic and gravity gradient tensor data using normalized source strength – A case study from McFaulds Lake,Northern Ontario,Canada     

Majid Beiki  Pierre Keating  David A. Clark 《Geophysical Prospecting》2014,62(5):1180-1192

In this paper, we present a case study on the use of the normalized source strength (NSS) for interpretation of magnetic and gravity gradient tensors data. This application arises in exploration of nickel, copper and platinum group element (Ni‐Cu‐PGE) deposits in the McFaulds Lake area, Northern Ontario, Canada. In this study, we have used the normalized source strength function derived from recent high resolution aeromagnetic and gravity gradiometry data for locating geological bodies. In our algorithm, we use maxima of the normalized source strength for estimating the horizontal location of the causative body. Then we estimate depth to the source and structural index at that point using the ratio between the normalized source strength and its vertical derivative calculated at two levels; the measurement level and a height h above the measurement level. To discriminate more reliable solutions from spurious ones, we reject solutions with unreasonable estimated structural indices. This method uses an upward continuation filter which reduces the effect of high frequency noise. In the magnetic case, the advantage is that, in general, the normalized magnetic source strength is relatively insensitive to magnetization direction, thus it provides more reliable information than standard techniques when geologic bodies carry remanent magnetization. For dipping gravity sources, the calculated normalized source strength yields a reliable estimate of the source location by peaking right above the top surface. Application of the method on aeromagnetic and gravity gradient tensor data sets from McFaulds Lake area indicates that most of the gravity and magnetic sources are located just beneath a 20 m thick (on average) overburden and delineated magnetic and gravity sources which can be probably approximated by geological contacts and thin dikes, come up to the overburden.  相似文献   

Numerical modelling of aeolian erosion over a surface with non‐uniformly distributed roughness elements          下载免费PDF全文

B. Furieri  J. L. Harion  M. Milliez  S. Russeil  J. M. Santos 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2014,39(2):156-166

The present study is focused on the analysis of the mean wall friction velocity on a surface including roughness elements exposed to a turbulent boundary layer. These roughness elements represent non‐erodible particles over an erodible surface of an agglomeration of granular material on industrial sites. A first study has proposed a formulation that describes the evolution of the friction velocity as a function of geometrical parameters and cover rate with different uniform roughness distributions. The present simulations deal with non‐uniform distributions of particles with a random sampling of diameters, heights, positions and arrangements. The evolution (relative to geometrical parameters of the roughness elements) of the friction velocity for several non‐uniform distributions of roughness elements was analysed by the equation proposed in the literature and compared to the results obtained with the numerical simulations. This comparison showed very good agreement. Thus, the formulation developed for uniform particles was found also to be valid for a larger spectrum of particles noted on industrial sites. The present work aims also to investigate in detail the fluid mechanics over several roughness particles. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

鲁东地区视应力时空变化特征分析   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

王鹏  郑建常 《地震》2014,34(4):70-77

利用山东数字地震台网记录到的山东东部地区2008年以来的地震波形资料,在去除地震序列的余震之后,采用Brune模型,并结合遗传算法反演计算了225 次Mr≥2. 0地震的视应力,讨论了视应力与震级的关系,分析研究了视应力的时空变化特征,并通过视应力的时空变化来研究该区应力状态的特征。结果表明:鲁东地区中小地震的视应力范围在0.06~3.91 MPa,平均应力水平在0.31 MPa,可作为该区的背景应力水平;视应力与震级呈正相关关系,随震级的增加而升高,利用稳态回归拟合初步得到适合于该区的定量统计关系;计算的视应力值减去由震级得到的理论视应力,去除震级的相关性干扰,得到差视应力,能更真实的反应该地区的应力变化特征;视应力的时间变化显示鲁东地区目前正处于应力的积累增强阶段,可能与近期鲁东地区震群频发有关;空间分布显示目前高视应力集中区主要分布在沂沭断裂带安丘段附近和烟台附近地区,对于山东地区年度危险区的判定有一定意义。  相似文献   

Semiannual velocity variations around the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake fault zone revealed by ambient noise and ACROSS active source data     

Haichao Chen  ;Hongkui Ge  ;Fenglin Niu 《地震学报(英文版)》2014,(5):529-540

We continuously monitor the long-term seismic velocity variation of one of the major ruptured faults of the devastating 2008 Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in China from July 2009 to January 2012,jointly using accurately controlled routinely operated signal system active source and seismic noise-based monitoring technique.Our measurements show that the temporal velocity change is not homogeneous and highly localized in the damaged fault zone and the adjacent areas.Velocity variations from the active and passive methods are quite consistent,which both are characterized by ±0.2 % seasonal variation,with peak and trough at winter and summer,respectively.The periodic velocity variation within fault zone exhibits remarkably positive correlation with barometric pressure with stress sensitivity in the order of 10-6Pa-1,suggesting that the plausible mechanism might be the crack density variation of the shallow subsurface medium of the damaged fault zone in response to the cyclic barometric pressure loading.  相似文献   

祁连山中东段地区中小地震震源机制和区域应力场     

荣代潞 《地震地磁观测与研究》2014,(3):1-7

利用哥伦比亚大学 GCMT 目录给出的祁连山中东段地区中强地震震源机制资料,研究较大区域（34°-41°N,100°-106°E）的应力场;利用该地区布设的中法微震数字监测台网多年监测资料和甘肃数字监测台网资料,使用 P 波和 S 波初动及振幅比联合反演方法,反演中小地震震源机制解和发震应力场。结果表明,地区构造应力大致为北东40°-45°水平向压应力;景泰地区主压应力方向约北东45°,绝大多数地震为走滑型。天祝-古浪地区有相当部分的逆断层地震分布,主压应力方向约60°,P 轴仰角在10°左右优势分布,大致为水平应力场。这与大区域构造应力场和断层实际分布基本一致。  相似文献   

四川芦山 MS7．0地震震源机制解     

赵旭  ;黄志斌  ;房立华  ;陈宏峰  ;赵博  ;苗春兰 《地震地磁观测与研究》2014,(3):15-24

使用中国数字地震台网记录的区域和远震宽频带波形,通过频率域和时间域多步反演,研究四川芦山 MS 7．0地震基于点源模型的震源机制解和有限断层模型。考虑到使用不同波形资料类型、盆地效应及简化的一维速度模型等给反演震源参数带来的影响,经测试比较,结果表明：使用区域波形和本区域简化一维速度模型,波形拟合误差最小。此次地震表现为高倾角纯逆冲型事件矩心在水平方向上位于震中偏南西向约4．5 km,最佳波形拟合矩心深度约17 km,矩震级 MW约6．6。推断此地震大多数能量主要在震源偏南西约4．5 km 处释放。  相似文献   

有流体参与作用下的震源参数特征——以广西凌云凤山震群、龙滩库区地震为例     

龙政强  ;孙学军  ;姚宏  ;刘双庆  ;谢夜玉  ;韦旭鸿 《华北地震科学》2014,(4):10-16

对广西暴雨诱发的地震、水库地震及天然地震的地震波数字频谱参数特征进行分析;计算凌云凤山震群、2007—2013年广西桂东南地区天然地震及龙滩库区ML≥2.5级地震波形资料,获得凌云凤山震群、桂东南天然地震、龙滩库区地震震源参数。研究表明：凌云凤山震群和龙滩库区地震的应力降、震源尺度和拐角频率在数值范围、平均值都基本相同;它们的应力降和拐角频率明显小于桂东南地区地震,其中应力降约小1个量级;而它们的震源尺度明显大于同震级的桂东南地区地震。这些特征显示出数字地震波频谱分析也可较好地反映凌云凤山震群由暴雨诱发所致的成因。  相似文献   

接地导线源电磁场全域有效趋肤深度   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

陈卫营  薛国强 《地球物理学报》2014,57(7):2314-2320

为了更好地推进广域电磁法的发展和应用,本文以接地长导线源为例,研究了可控源电磁场全场域的有效趋肤深度.利用频域电偶极源在均匀半空间产生电磁场的闭合表达式,计算了不同电磁场分量定义的有效趋肤深度,并讨论了在不同频率、不同偏移距、不同电导率情况下,有效趋肤深度的变化特性.根据有效趋肤深度随偏移距的变化特征以及与平面波趋肤深度之间的关系,利用多项式拟合的办法在五个不同频率范围内给出了适用于全场域的有效趋肤深度快速估算公式.研究结果表明：不同分量定义的有效趋肤深度是不同的,但是它们随偏移距、频率、电导率等参数的变化趋势是类似的,而且在一定范围内都趋近于平面波趋肤深度.理论模型的研究表明,有效趋肤深度可以作为测量参数选取和数据解释工作的参考依据.  相似文献   

四川芦山M_s7.0级强烈地震震源运动学特征          下载免费PDF全文

赵旭  黄志斌  房立华  李强  赵博  苗春兰 《地球物理学报》2014,57(2):419-429

使用中国数字地震台网记录的区域宽频带波形,通过频率域和时间域多步反演,研究了2013年四川芦山“4·20”7.0级强烈地震的震源运动学特征.基于点源的震源机制解揭示：地震发震断层面参数分别为走向214°/倾角47°/滑动角96°,表现为一次高倾角的逆冲型事件.矩心在水平方向上位于震中（30.303°N/102.988°E）西南向约4.5 km,矩心深度约17 km.平均总标量地震矩M₀为1.16×10¹⁹ N·m,矩震级M_w约6.6.进一步模拟高达0.5 Hz高频波形,获得了芦山地震破裂过程图像,结果显示：此地震为一次不对称双侧破裂事件.破裂半径约15 km,整个破裂面积为706.7 km²,平均滑动量约0.231 m.破裂在8 s内释放了大多数能量.震后0~3 s内,破裂以孕震点为中心向四周同时扩展,3 s后,破裂表现出明显的方向性,主要向北北东扩展,导致位于震中北东向多数台站视破裂持续时间总体偏小,最小值为4 s.破裂约8 s后基本停止.  相似文献   

非对称圆弧片状声源在井旁地层中产生的声场   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

王瑞甲  乔文孝 《地球物理学报》2014,57(8):2732-2742

提出了一种可用于随钻三维反射声波成像测井的圆弧片状声源,推导了该声源声学性质在波数-频率域内的数学描述,并利用实轴积分的方法对该声源在井旁地层中产生的声场进行求解,考察了声源的线度、频率等因素对该声源向地层中辐射的声场的影响.研究结果表明,特定尺寸和特定频率下的圆弧片状声源产生的纵波场的水平和垂直指向性图中仅具有一个明显的主瓣,且主瓣三分贝角宽较窄,方位分辨率较高,指向性良好,适用于随钻三维反射成像测井;SV波场和SH波场的指向性图中存在两个或者多个角瓣,SV波场在垂直于井轴方向上辐射的能量为0,另外在井中发射和接收的反射SH波场和SV波场会相互干扰,所以难以利用SV波场和SH波场进行三维反射声波成像;声源的线度和频率等因素对其辐射声场影响较大,考虑到激励效率和方位分辨率等因素,对于本文描述的井孔模型,选择圆周角在75°和90°之间, 主频为12 kHz左右的声源是合适的.  相似文献